AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE WORK PERFORMANCE IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF MERU COUNTY MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Employee Work Performance (WP), Organizational Culture (OC), Training (T), Work Environment (WE), Remuneration (R), County Government, Kenya
Abstract
Employee performance is critical to achieving organizational objectives and being competitive. The general objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with workers performance in Meru County offices. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population consisted of all the 350 employees of Meru County government. A sample of 200 employees was selected based on stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire administrated to sampled workers through an email via the HR department. Regression and Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the organizational culture, remuneration, training and work environment on employee job performance. The findings from the study confirm that a positive and significant association between organizational culture, remuneration, training, and work environment might all influence employee job performance and there is need for the organization to improve on training and leadership in order to achieve continual improvement. The findings have policy implications for organizational control design, the budgeting system, strategies for involving managers in budgeting, instilling their organizational commitment, and improving their performance.
References
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Amjad, S., Saleem, I., & Amin, A. (2021). Green human resource management practices and employee performance: The mediating role of organizational culture. Sustainability, 13(2), 745.
Arulsamy, S., Lakshmi, R., & Chandran, S. (2023). Training and development: A mechanism for optimizing employee performance. Journal of Management Development, 42(3), 89-105.
Atatsi, E., Stoffers, J., & Kil, A. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic review. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(1/2), 7-28.
Baporikar, N. (2024). Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance at Public Enterprises. In Advancing Student Employability Through Higher Education (pp. 234-262). IGI Global.
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Berinato, S. (2013). How to motivate employees: A study on purpose and belonging. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 48-55.
Chege, S. M., Wang, D., & Suntu, S. L. (2019). Impact of information technology innovations on firm performance in Kenya. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(1), 43-65.
Cross, O., & Daniel, C. O. (2018). Effects of training on organizational performance. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 58-68.
Crossman, A. (2019). Understanding stratified sampling and its advantages. Social Science Research Methods Quarterly, 13(2), 23-29.
Darmawan, A. (2013). Organizational culture: Motivating employees to achieve goals. Management Science Letters, 3(1), 1-14.
Dziuba, S., Ingaldi, M., & Zhuravskaya, M. (2020). Job satisfaction and employee performance: The connection. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 28(3), 149-156.
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Hotchkiss, D. R., Banteyerga, H., & Tharaney, M. (2015). Job satisfaction and motivation among public sector health workers: evidence from Ethiopia. Human resources for health, 13, 1-12.
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Leso, G., Cortimiglia, M. N., & Ghezzi, A. (2022). The interplay between organizational culture and digital transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121-134.
Lytras, M., De Pablos, P., & Avison, D. (2010). Training and development in project management: Enhancing employee performance. Knowledge and Process Management, 17(1), 1-9.
Mills, A. J., Durepos, G., & Wiebe, E. (2018). Encyclopedia of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Morais, N., & Galpothdeniya, B. (2023). An Analysis of Hygiene and Motivational Factors in Relation to Job Satisfaction in a Work-from-Home Context: A Case of an Exporting Organisation in Sri Lanka.
Muhammad Ajmal, Waffa Rahat & Azmat Islam. (2024) Enhancing affective commitment through transcendental leadership: unveiling the influence of altruistic mindset and intrinsic motivation in higher education. International Journal of Leadership in Education 0:0, pages 1-27.
Mucheru, J. (2015). Training and development in enhancing employee productivity: A case study of Kenyan organizations. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(4), 251-267.
Mondy, R. (2014). Human resource management (13th Edition). Pearson Education.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (1999). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2009). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Makunyi, L. K., Mugambi, D., Mwirigi, P., & Bengat, J. (2022). Organizational Culture and Employee Work Performance in the County Governments of Kenya. International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, 12(2), 61-73.
Munjogu, A. N., & Kiiru, D. (2024). Influence of training on performance of employees in county government of Laikipia, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11 (2), 388 – 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v11i2.2916
Mutiga, E.M (2024). Effect of workplace environment on employee performance in the county assembly of Meru, Kenya. Mount Kenya University. https://erepository.mku.ac.ke/handle/1234567
Mutiga Eric Murira, and Robert Obuba. “AN ASSESSMENT ON THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE COUNTY ASSEMBLY OF MERU KENYA”. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, July 2024, pp. 48-60, https://www.managementjournal.info/index.php/IJAME/article/view/816.
Nadler, D., & Nadler, M. (1998). Organizational culture: Its impact on employee behavior. Organizational Dynamics, 27(3), 30-42.
Nisar Saleem, M. (2008). A comparative study of sample size determination methods. Research Methodology Insights, 5(1), 14-22.
Nyaga, J. W., Gakobo, T. W., & Njuguna, P. M. (2020). Effect of Remuneration on Employee Job Satisfaction at the Public Service Commission in Kenya. commitment, 10(10).
Nwakoby, I. C., Okoye, A. P., & Anugwu, P. A. (2019). Innovative organizational culture and employee performance. Business and Economic Research, 9(2), 23-35.
Nzuve, S., & Njambi, S. (2015). Employee performance and organizational commitment: An empirical review. African Journal of Management, 2(1), 45-58.
Obisi, C. (2011). Employee training and development: Issues and challenges. Industrial and Commercial Training, 43(7), 451-456.
Parashakti, R. D., Trianasari, R., & Sari, S. (2020). The influence of work environment and motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 5(3), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/x45tm
Peters, T., & Waterson, M. (2004). The role of employee performance in achieving organizational success. Management Today, 20(3), 56-62.
Rahman, K. U., Akhter, W., & Khan, S. U. (2017). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction: A comparative study of conventional and Islamic insurance. Cogent Business and Management, 4 (1), 1–15.
Rofcanin, Y., Heras, M. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Family-supportive supervisor behaviors and work engagement: Evidence from public sector employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 294-308.
Shanmugathasan, S., & Thirunavukkarasu, A. (2023). Impact of training and development on organizational performance of the university libraries in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Training Research, 22(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2023.2244205
Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C., & Soane, E. (2016). The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship, and deviant behaviors. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 148-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21534
Schein, E. H. (2011). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Schneider, B., & Alderfer, C. (1973). Need satisfaction in organizations: Empirical studies of the ERG theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 58(3), 191-196.
Sikora, D., & Ferris, G. (2014). Human resource management practices and employee performance. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(2), 1-17.
Sitorus, S. L., & Hidayat, A. (2023). The Effect of Compensation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Productivity. In Journal of International Conference Proceedings (Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 12-24).
Surianto, S., & Nurfahira, N. (2024). The Role of Work Environment and Leadership in Enhancing Employee Performance. Economics and Digital Business Review, 5(2), 1054–1070. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v5i2.1606
Sutanto, E. M., & Kurniawan, A. (2017). The impact of compensation, job satisfaction, and motivation on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 7(1), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.11.001.
Wachiuri, J. W., & Makokha, E. N. (2024). Influence of training and development on Employee Performance at County Government of Kiambu. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 8(1).
Wilkinson, A., Redman, T., & Dundon, T. (2010). Contemporary human resource management: Text and cases. Pearson Education.
Yahuza, J., & Suleiman, W. (2024). Effects of training and development on employee performance: Moderating role of leadership style. International Journal of Intellectual Discourse, 7(2), 13-26.
Yimam, M. H. (2022). Impact of training on employees performance: A case study of Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2107301
Yusuf, S., Anuar, M. A., & Afolabi, A. (2022). Work environment, career development, and employee performance: Mediating role of work motivation. Management Research Review, 45(3), 381-403.
Zhenjing, H., Qian, W., & Lei, Z. (2022). The impact of workplace environment on employee morale and productivity. Journal of Business Research, 14(1), 66-82.
Ahbabi, S., Singh, S. K., Gaur, S. S., & Balasubramanian, S. (2019). Knowledge management processes and public sector performance: The role of organizational innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(6), 1311-1340.
Awoitau, R. ., Noch, M. Y., & Khotimah, K. (2024). The Influence of Motivation, Training and Compensation on Employee Performance. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(3), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i3.376
Al-Malallah, M., & Regondola, G. L. (2014). National culture and its impact on organizational behavior and employee performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 1-14.
Altrasi, A. (2014). Determinants of organizational performance: A proposed framework. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 334-344.
Amjad, S., Saleem, I., & Amin, A. (2021). Green human resource management practices and employee performance: The mediating role of organizational culture. Sustainability, 13(2), 745.
Arulsamy, S., Lakshmi, R., & Chandran, S. (2023). Training and development: A mechanism for optimizing employee performance. Journal of Management Development, 42(3), 89-105.
Atatsi, E., Stoffers, J., & Kil, A. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic review. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(1/2), 7-28.
Baporikar, N. (2024). Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance at Public Enterprises. In Advancing Student Employability Through Higher Education (pp. 234-262). IGI Global.
Bell, D., Fishkin, J. S., & Meyer, M. (1971). Decision-making in large organizations: An empirical study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16(3), 36-54.
Berinato, S. (2013). How to motivate employees: A study on purpose and belonging. Harvard Business Review, 91(4), 48-55.
Chege, S. M., Wang, D., & Suntu, S. L. (2019). Impact of information technology innovations on firm performance in Kenya. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(1), 43-65.
Cross, O., & Daniel, C. O. (2018). Effects of training on organizational performance. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 58-68.
Crossman, A. (2019). Understanding stratified sampling and its advantages. Social Science Research Methods Quarterly, 13(2), 23-29.
Darmawan, A. (2013). Organizational culture: Motivating employees to achieve goals. Management Science Letters, 3(1), 1-14.
Dziuba, S., Ingaldi, M., & Zhuravskaya, M. (2020). Job satisfaction and employee performance: The connection. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 28(3), 149-156.
Forson, J.A., Ofosu-Dwamena, E., Opoku, R.A. et al. Employee motivation and job performance: a study of basic school teachers in Ghana. Futur Bus J 7, 30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00077-6
Gosnell, G., List, J. A., & Metcalfe, R. (2019). The impact of management practices on employee productivity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 85-110.
Haenisch, J. P. (2012). Factors that influence the workforce productivity and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 45-56.
Hotchkiss, D. R., Banteyerga, H., & Tharaney, M. (2015). Job satisfaction and motivation among public sector health workers: evidence from Ethiopia. Human resources for health, 13, 1-12.
Joseph, M., & Kibera, F. (2019). Organizational culture and employee performance in microfinance institutions in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(2), 111-123.
Jung G, Moon KK. Examining Public Service Motivation's Impact on Organizational Commitment: Focusing on Moderating Roles of Hygiene and Motivation Factors. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Jun 5; 14(6):476. doi: 10.3390/bs14060476. PMID: 38920808; PMCID: PMC11201265.
Khan, A. (2006). Challenges in employee performance management: A case study of public sector organizations in Pakistan. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 3(2), 27-41.
Kiilu, J., & Wambua, D. K. (2017). Influence of work environment and leader behavior on the Performance of Employees in the County Government of Makueni. Journal of Strategic Management, 1(1), 60–77. Retrieved from https://www.stratfordjournal.org/journals/index.php/journal-of-strategic-management/article/view/52
Kolk, B., Veen-Dirks, P., & Bogt, H. (2018). Management control systems in the public sector: Enhancing motivation and performance. Public Management Review, 20(8), 1126-1147.
Kuria, J., & Nzuve, S. (2015). Factors affecting employee performance in public sector organizations: A case of Kenya. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 7(2), 23-30.
Leso, G., Cortimiglia, M. N., & Ghezzi, A. (2022). The interplay between organizational culture and digital transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121-134.
Lytras, M., De Pablos, P., & Avison, D. (2010). Training and development in project management: Enhancing employee performance. Knowledge and Process Management, 17(1), 1-9.
Mills, A. J., Durepos, G., & Wiebe, E. (2018). Encyclopedia of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Morais, N., & Galpothdeniya, B. (2023). An Analysis of Hygiene and Motivational Factors in Relation to Job Satisfaction in a Work-from-Home Context: A Case of an Exporting Organisation in Sri Lanka.
Muhammad Ajmal, Waffa Rahat & Azmat Islam. (2024) Enhancing affective commitment through transcendental leadership: unveiling the influence of altruistic mindset and intrinsic motivation in higher education. International Journal of Leadership in Education 0:0, pages 1-27.
Mucheru, J. (2015). Training and development in enhancing employee productivity: A case study of Kenyan organizations. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(4), 251-267.
Mondy, R. (2014). Human resource management (13th Edition). Pearson Education.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (1999). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2009). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Makunyi, L. K., Mugambi, D., Mwirigi, P., & Bengat, J. (2022). Organizational Culture and Employee Work Performance in the County Governments of Kenya. International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, 12(2), 61-73.
Munjogu, A. N., & Kiiru, D. (2024). Influence of training on performance of employees in county government of Laikipia, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11 (2), 388 – 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v11i2.2916
Mutiga, E.M (2024). Effect of workplace environment on employee performance in the county assembly of Meru, Kenya. Mount Kenya University. https://erepository.mku.ac.ke/handle/1234567
Mutiga Eric Murira, and Robert Obuba. “AN ASSESSMENT ON THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE COUNTY ASSEMBLY OF MERU KENYA”. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, July 2024, pp. 48-60, https://www.managementjournal.info/index.php/IJAME/article/view/816.
Nadler, D., & Nadler, M. (1998). Organizational culture: Its impact on employee behavior. Organizational Dynamics, 27(3), 30-42.
Nisar Saleem, M. (2008). A comparative study of sample size determination methods. Research Methodology Insights, 5(1), 14-22.
Nyaga, J. W., Gakobo, T. W., & Njuguna, P. M. (2020). Effect of Remuneration on Employee Job Satisfaction at the Public Service Commission in Kenya. commitment, 10(10).
Nwakoby, I. C., Okoye, A. P., & Anugwu, P. A. (2019). Innovative organizational culture and employee performance. Business and Economic Research, 9(2), 23-35.
Nzuve, S., & Njambi, S. (2015). Employee performance and organizational commitment: An empirical review. African Journal of Management, 2(1), 45-58.
Obisi, C. (2011). Employee training and development: Issues and challenges. Industrial and Commercial Training, 43(7), 451-456.
Parashakti, R. D., Trianasari, R., & Sari, S. (2020). The influence of work environment and motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 5(3), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/x45tm
Peters, T., & Waterson, M. (2004). The role of employee performance in achieving organizational success. Management Today, 20(3), 56-62.
Rahman, K. U., Akhter, W., & Khan, S. U. (2017). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction: A comparative study of conventional and Islamic insurance. Cogent Business and Management, 4 (1), 1–15.
Rofcanin, Y., Heras, M. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Family-supportive supervisor behaviors and work engagement: Evidence from public sector employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 294-308.
Shanmugathasan, S., & Thirunavukkarasu, A. (2023). Impact of training and development on organizational performance of the university libraries in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Training Research, 22(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2023.2244205
Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C., & Soane, E. (2016). The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship, and deviant behaviors. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 148-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21534
Schein, E. H. (2011). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Schneider, B., & Alderfer, C. (1973). Need satisfaction in organizations: Empirical studies of the ERG theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 58(3), 191-196.
Sikora, D., & Ferris, G. (2014). Human resource management practices and employee performance. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(2), 1-17.
Sitorus, S. L., & Hidayat, A. (2023). The Effect of Compensation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Productivity. In Journal of International Conference Proceedings (Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 12-24).
Surianto, S., & Nurfahira, N. (2024). The Role of Work Environment and Leadership in Enhancing Employee Performance. Economics and Digital Business Review, 5(2), 1054–1070. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v5i2.1606
Sutanto, E. M., & Kurniawan, A. (2017). The impact of compensation, job satisfaction, and motivation on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 7(1), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2016.11.001.
Wachiuri, J. W., & Makokha, E. N. (2024). Influence of training and development on Employee Performance at County Government of Kiambu. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 8(1).
Wilkinson, A., Redman, T., & Dundon, T. (2010). Contemporary human resource management: Text and cases. Pearson Education.
Yahuza, J., & Suleiman, W. (2024). Effects of training and development on employee performance: Moderating role of leadership style. International Journal of Intellectual Discourse, 7(2), 13-26.
Yimam, M. H. (2022). Impact of training on employees performance: A case study of Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2107301
Yusuf, S., Anuar, M. A., & Afolabi, A. (2022). Work environment, career development, and employee performance: Mediating role of work motivation. Management Research Review, 45(3), 381-403.
Zhenjing, H., Qian, W., & Lei, Z. (2022). The impact of workplace environment on employee morale and productivity. Journal of Business Research, 14(1), 66-82.
