THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOMALI CLAN SYSTEM ON ELECTORAL GOVERNANCE IN SOMALIA
Abstract
This study examined the influence of the Somali clan system on electoral governance in Somalia, focusing on how clan-based structures shaped political participation, power distribution, and decision-making processes. The research explored the role of the 4.5 clan-based power-sharing model, the impact of Xeer (customary law), and the effects of clan alliances on democratic governance. The study employed a qualitative approach, drawing on secondary sources, historical accounts, and case studies to analyze the relationship between clan dynamics and electoral governance. Data was sourced from scholarly articles, reports from international organizations, and Somali government documents. The research revealed that the Somali clan system played a dual role in governance. On one hand, it provided a structured mechanism for representation and conflict resolution, ensuring stability in a fragmented society. On the other hand, it entrenched neopatrimonialism, fostered elite control over political institutions, and limited broader democratic participation, particularly for marginalized groups such as women and minority clans. The study also found that reliance on clan-based governance perpetuated electoral disputes and weakened national unity efforts. While the Somali clan system remained a central pillar of governance, it posed significant challenges to democratic development. Electoral reforms needed to address the balance between traditional governance structures and modern democratic principles. The study recommended policy interventions to promote inclusivity, reduce elite manipulation, and foster a governance model that integrated traditional clan influence with institutionalized democracy.
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