AN EVALUATION OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION IN KENYA LAW REFORM COMMISSION
Keywords:
Financial Resources, Human Resources, Infrastructure Resources
Abstract
Strategic plans are essential tools for guiding public institutions toward achieving their mandates and contributing to national development agendas such as Kenya’s Vision 2030. However, the success of these plans largely depends on the availability and alignment of resources during implementation. The Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC), mandated to review, revise, and reform laws, has developed several strategic plans to enhance service delivery and institutional performance. Despite these efforts, concerns remain regarding whether financial, human, and infrastructural resources are adequately aligned with strategic priorities to ensure effective execution. This study therefore set out to evaluate the effect of resource allocation on the implementation of strategic plans at KLRC. The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting 100 employees across six departments of the Commission. A stratified random sample of 52 respondents was drawn, and primary data were collected through structured questionnaires consisting of both closed- and open-ended items. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics—frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations—together with inferential analysis through linear regression in SPSS version 23 to establish the relationship between resource allocation and strategic plan implementation. The findings revealed that while respondents recognized the centrality of adequate resources for successful implementation, most expressed the view that KLRC’s resources were insufficient and not well aligned with its strategic objectives. The results of the regression analysis showed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between resource allocation and strategic plan implementation (β = 0.060, p > 0.05). This implies that although resource allocation plays a role in shaping outcomes, other organizational and contextual factors also significantly influence the effectiveness of implementation. The study concludes that inadequate and poorly aligned resources present a major challenge to strategic plan implementation at KLRC. It recommends the development of a comprehensive resource allocation policy to ensure equitable, transparent, and strategically focused distribution of financial and non-financial resources. Such measures would strengthen the Commission’s capacity to execute its strategic initiatives and deliver on its mandate effectively.
References
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T. Shatilwe and H. J. Amukugo (2016). The factors affecting the implantation of succession planning in the ministry of health and social services (MOHSS), Namibia, European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 3 (7): 97 – 109.
Jinadu, M. N. (2022). Analysing the impacts of physical risk control technique on corporate risk management. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 11(3), 56-63
Kabia, A. (2019). Police perception on Police reforms. Nairobi: Nairobi university.
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Kanu, M. S. (2020). Integrating Enterprise Risk Management with Strategic Planning for Improved Firm Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.5.488.
Kartz, J.P. (2006). CEO Succession: A Window on How Boards can get it Right when Choosing a New Chief Executive. Academy of Management Executive, 14(2): 130-131.
Kisare, O. W. (2016). The Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unpublished Msc. Thesis, University of Nairobi
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Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International Journal, 3(5), 15-26.
Lam, J. (2019) “Strategic Risk Management: The Next Frontier for Enterprise Risk Management.
Li, Y., Guohui, S., & Eppler, M. J. (2008). Making Strategy Work: A Literature Review on the Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation. Institute for Corporate Communication.
Maina, S. K., & Njoroge, J. (2023). Administrators’ management skills and implementation of strategic planning in public secondary schools in Muranga County, Kenya. Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 4 (1), 454–468.
Mackenzie, D. L., Wilson, D. B., Cider, S. B. (2021). Effects of Correctional Boot Camps on Offending. Journal of Annuals Political Social Science. 578(1):126-43. 8.
Maorwe, H. N. (2019). Factors Influencing the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Imenti North District- Kenya
Marega, M., Dorothy, E., Chukwu, O., & Odeloye, O. (2020). Effect of Succession planning on business performance of private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria, Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26 (4) 8
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Ngumo, M. J. (2020). Comparative Study on Determinants of Strategic Plan Implementation in Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies of Amica and Mentor Saccos; Murang’a County.
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Oguda, S. (2015). Relationship between Board Characteristics and Firm performance: Survey of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unpublished MSc Thesis. University of Nairobi.
Ojiambo, J. N. (2018). Critical Success Factors, Government Policy Compliance and Completion of Construction Projects in Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. Unpublished MBA Thesis, University of Nairobi.
Olu, O., & Chima, C. (2020). Succession planning and sustainability of family-Owned private schools in Rivers State, EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management.
Olusola (2020). The influence of executive succession planning on the sustainability of SMEs In Nigeria, Journal of Business and Management, 22, (1). 57-68
Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. Jr. (2013). Strategic Management; Planning for Domestic & Global Competition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Peter C. Kratcoski (Emeriti, Sociology), co-edited a section of a book, Police Leadership: A Learning Experience, 1st Edition, (Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature) Arvind Verma & Dilip K. Das, (2023), ppgs. 35-64.
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Poon, A. E., Roslan, N. H., Othman, J., ANuar, A., & Nejad, M. Y. (2022). The effect of enterprise risk Management (ERM) implementation on SMEs performance in Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(4), 1-13
Rodrigo, B. (2013). The family's effect on family firm performance. Journal of Family Business Strategy 4:1, 42-66. Online publication date: 1-Mar-2013.
Rothwell, W. J. (2020). Effective succession planning: Ensuring leadership continuity and building talent from Within. (4th Ed). New York: AMACON.
Safeworld & PeaceNet. (2019). Implementing community-based policing in Kenya. Nairobi: Safeworld & PeaceNet.
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Shangarai, J Njoroge, EJ Moi - Resource, 2023 Resource Allocation Practice And Devolved Administrative Structures In Selected Semi-Arid Counties In Kenya American Journal Of Public Policy And Administration ISSN 2520-4696 (Online) Vol.8, Issue 1, Pp 1 – 24, 2023
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Speculand, R. (2014). Bridging the strategy implementation skills gap. Emerald Group Publishing Limited; Bingley, United Kingdom.
Walker, S. (2019). A critical History of Police reforms. New York: oxford.
Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2019). Influence of new generation succession on team performance: Evidence from China. Social Behaviour and Personality, 45(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6015
Ward, D. (2020). Reflections on Indian Family Business Groups, Family Business Review, vol. 13.
Wernerfelt, B. (1995). The Resource-Based View of the Firm: Ten Years After. Strategic Management Journal, 16(3), 171–174. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2486738
Yukl, G. (2021). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly 10(2): 285–305.
Aduloju, S. A. & Akindipe, O. E. (2022). The effect of risk control techniques on organizational performance of selected SMEs in Lagos state. Acta Universitatis Danibus Economica, 18(1), 224-247
Agustina, L., & Baroroh, N. (2016). The relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and firm value mediated through the financial performance. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 5(1), 128.
Ali, Z. (2019). Understanding succession planning as a combating strategy for turnover intentions. Emerald Insight, 16(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-09-2018-0076
Ali, Z., & Mehreen, A. (2019a). Understanding succession planning as a combating strategy for turnover intentions. Journal of Advances in Management Research.
Ali, Z., & Mehreen, A. (2019b). Understanding succession planning as a combating strategy for turnover intentions. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-09-2018-0076
Allio, M. K. (2019). A short, Practical Guide to Implementing Strategy‟. Journal of Business Strategy, 26, 12-21.
Ammad, Z., & Ghazal, H. (2020). Effect of succession planning on organizational growth, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: 59(1)8
Bass, B. M. (2019). Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. New York: Free Press.
Birchall, J. (2020). Resilience in a Downturn: The power of financial Co-operatives (ILO, 2020).
Bryman, A. (2005). Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research: How is it done? Qualitative research. 6(1), 97–113. Center for Technology studies.
Carroll, B. & Smolovi, J. O. (2019) Mapping the aesthetics of leadership development through participant perspectives. Management Learning; SAGE Publications, Washington.
Chandler, A. D. (2002). Strategy and structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chapman, C. B. and Cooper, D. F. (2019). Risk Analysis: Testing Some Prejudices. European Journal of Operational Research, 14, 238-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(83)90260-6
Chepkosgei and Atambo (2019). Influence of Resource Allocation on Strategic Planning Implementation in Public Universities. International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology.
Chepkosgei, S. I., & Atambo, W. (2018). Influence of Resource Allocation on Strategic Planning Implementation in Public Universities: A Case Study of Rongo University. International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology, 4(10), 354-361.
Chepkosgei, S. I., & Atambo, W. (2020). Influence of resource allocation on strategic planning implementation in Public Universities: A Case Study Of Rongo University. International journal of social sciences and information technology, 66 – 73.
Chima, O.B. (2013), “Poor succession planning by entrepreneurs: the bane of generational enterprises in south-east, An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, Vol.2, No. 2, pp. 270-281.
Christine, G. (2022). Organizational Dynamics on Strategy Implementation in the Health Sector of Marsabit County.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage publications.
Crevani, L. (2019), Privilege in place: How organizational practices contribute to meshing privilege in place. Mälardalen University; Västerås, Sweden.
Dai, S. (2022). Ambitious Federation and legislative Politics in Brazil. New York: Cambridge
Deloach, J.W. (2000) Enterprise-Wide Risk Management: Strategies for Linking Risk and Opportunity. Financial Times/Prentice Hall, London.
Dickson, M. W., Den, D. N., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2020). Research on leadership in a cross-cultural context: making progress, and raising new questions. The Leadership Quarterly 14: 729–768.
Durst, S., & Wilhelm, S. (2019). Knowledge management and succession planning in SMEs, Journal of Knowledge Management, 16 (4): 637 – 649.
Escobar, A. (2020). Establishment of National Service. Nairobi: Government printers.
Ganley, R.M. (2020). The Resource-based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California: University of California.
Ghuman, K. (2019). Management: Concepts, Practice & Cases. 28-32 Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Godana, C., Rintari, N., & Moguche, A. (2022). Effect of Financial Resource Allocation on Strategy Implementation in the Health Sector of Marsabit County. Journal of Strategic Management, 2(1), 1-7.
Goma, D. (2019). Political societies in South Africa. London: Sage Publication.
Grant, R. M. (2013). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166664
Hamed, T. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 10.2139/ssrn.3205040
Hrebiniak, L. (2018). Making Strategy Work: Overcoming The Obstacles to Effective Execution; University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania.
Hrebiniak, L. G. (2013). Making Strategies Work: Leading Effective Execution and Change. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Hussey, D. (2000). How to Manage Organizational Plan. London: Kogan Page.
Imende, M.T., Olel, M.A., & Gogo, J.O. (2020). Influence of Resources on Implementation of Strategic Plans in Public Secondary Schools In Kakamega County, Kenya. International journal of scientific and research publications, 10, 667-675.
T. Shatilwe and H. J. Amukugo (2016). The factors affecting the implantation of succession planning in the ministry of health and social services (MOHSS), Namibia, European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 3 (7): 97 – 109.
Jinadu, M. N. (2022). Analysing the impacts of physical risk control technique on corporate risk management. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 11(3), 56-63
Kabia, A. (2019). Police perception on Police reforms. Nairobi: Nairobi university.
Kafigi J. (2020). "Risk-Taking and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Lessons from Tanzanian Bakeries," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22.
Kamau, M. (2019). Cooperative law 111 Kenya, Kenpak color printers Letter of Woccu/FSD Sacco CAP. The project issued 4th January 2019, Ltd Kenya
Kant, N. (2021). Blockchain: a strategic resource to attain and sustain competitive advantage. International Journal of Innovation Science.
Kanu, M. S. (2020). Integrating Enterprise Risk Management with Strategic Planning for Improved Firm Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.5.488.
Kartz, J.P. (2006). CEO Succession: A Window on How Boards can get it Right when Choosing a New Chief Executive. Academy of Management Executive, 14(2): 130-131.
Kisare, O. W. (2016). The Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unpublished Msc. Thesis, University of Nairobi
Kivoi, D. L. & Mbae, C. G. The Achilles’ Heel of Police Reforms in Kenya. Social Sciences. Vol. 2, No. 6, 2013, pp. 189-194. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20130206.13.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International Journal, 3(5), 15-26.
Lam, J. (2019) “Strategic Risk Management: The Next Frontier for Enterprise Risk Management.
Li, Y., Guohui, S., & Eppler, M. J. (2008). Making Strategy Work: A Literature Review on the Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation. Institute for Corporate Communication.
Maina, S. K., & Njoroge, J. (2023). Administrators’ management skills and implementation of strategic planning in public secondary schools in Muranga County, Kenya. Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 4 (1), 454–468.
Mackenzie, D. L., Wilson, D. B., Cider, S. B. (2021). Effects of Correctional Boot Camps on Offending. Journal of Annuals Political Social Science. 578(1):126-43. 8.
Maorwe, H. N. (2019). Factors Influencing the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Imenti North District- Kenya
Marega, M., Dorothy, E., Chukwu, O., & Odeloye, O. (2020). Effect of Succession planning on business performance of private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria, Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26 (4) 8
Mbuva, P. M., Rambo, C. M. & Oketch, T. (2019). Influence of risk assessment on performance of SME projects in Machackos county, Kenya. European Journal, 14(19), 181-214
McNamara, C. (2019). Strategic Planning (in Non-profit or for-profit organizations). Retrieved December 21, 2018, from Authenticity Consulting, LLC: http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/str_plan.htm#anchor45 3886.
Mugenda & Mugenda. (2003). Quantitative and qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: African Centre for Technology Studies.
Mugenda & Mugenda. (2003). Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative. Nairobi: African Center for Technology studies.
Mugenda & Mugenda. (2008). Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative. Nairobi: African
Murithii, N.W. (2019). Strategic Planning Within Micro Finance Institutions in Kenya. Unpublished MBA Project, School of Business, University of Nairobi.
Muslih, M. (2019). The Committee of Audit Role on the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) Performance of Indonesia Registered on the Stock Exchange of Indonesia. International Journal of Contemporary Accounting.
Mutua, C. (2019). Effectiveness of Kenya Police reforms on Service delivery. Nairobi: Kenyatta
Ndegwa, D. N. (2021). Factors influencing implementation of strategic plans by SACCOs in Murang‟a County: A case study of Murata SACCO
Ngumo, M. J. (2020). Comparative Study on Determinants of Strategic Plan Implementation in Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies of Amica and Mentor Saccos; Murang’a County.
Ogonda, R. (2020). Communications and transport in the economy of colonial. Nairobi: Acts press.
Oguda, S. (2015). Relationship between Board Characteristics and Firm performance: Survey of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unpublished MSc Thesis. University of Nairobi.
Ojiambo, J. N. (2018). Critical Success Factors, Government Policy Compliance and Completion of Construction Projects in Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. Unpublished MBA Thesis, University of Nairobi.
Olu, O., & Chima, C. (2020). Succession planning and sustainability of family-Owned private schools in Rivers State, EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management.
Olusola (2020). The influence of executive succession planning on the sustainability of SMEs In Nigeria, Journal of Business and Management, 22, (1). 57-68
Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. Jr. (2013). Strategic Management; Planning for Domestic & Global Competition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Peter C. Kratcoski (Emeriti, Sociology), co-edited a section of a book, Police Leadership: A Learning Experience, 1st Edition, (Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature) Arvind Verma & Dilip K. Das, (2023), ppgs. 35-64.
Peteraf, M. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179–191.
Poon, A. E., Roslan, N. H., Othman, J., ANuar, A., & Nejad, M. Y. (2022). The effect of enterprise risk Management (ERM) implementation on SMEs performance in Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(4), 1-13
Rodrigo, B. (2013). The family's effect on family firm performance. Journal of Family Business Strategy 4:1, 42-66. Online publication date: 1-Mar-2013.
Rothwell, W. J. (2020). Effective succession planning: Ensuring leadership continuity and building talent from Within. (4th Ed). New York: AMACON.
Safeworld & PeaceNet. (2019). Implementing community-based policing in Kenya. Nairobi: Safeworld & PeaceNet.
Scharmer, C.O. (2009). Theory U: Learning from the future as it emerges. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Shangarai, J Njoroge, EJ Moi - Resource, 2023 Resource Allocation Practice And Devolved Administrative Structures In Selected Semi-Arid Counties In Kenya American Journal Of Public Policy And Administration ISSN 2520-4696 (Online) Vol.8, Issue 1, Pp 1 – 24, 2023
Smith, P.B., Peterson, M., & Thomas, D.C. (2020). The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. University Press. University.
Speculand, R. (2014). Bridging the strategy implementation skills gap. Emerald Group Publishing Limited; Bingley, United Kingdom.
Walker, S. (2019). A critical History of Police reforms. New York: oxford.
Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2019). Influence of new generation succession on team performance: Evidence from China. Social Behaviour and Personality, 45(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6015
Ward, D. (2020). Reflections on Indian Family Business Groups, Family Business Review, vol. 13.
Wernerfelt, B. (1995). The Resource-Based View of the Firm: Ten Years After. Strategic Management Journal, 16(3), 171–174. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2486738
Yukl, G. (2021). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly 10(2): 285–305.
